Investment or Malinvestment? (mises.org)
- Highlight Loc. 5-11 | Added on Thursday, January 19, 2012, 01:01 AM
Suppose I write an article on the economy that no one wants to read, much less pay me for. Now suppose that the government pays me for it anyway — as part of a jobs bill. Presto! A new job has been created; a person who was previously unemployed is now working. Better yet, that person is me! This job certainly increased my standard of living. But what have I produced? What have I contributed to the economy? Because no one wants my article, the value of my contribution to the economy is zero. The time I've spent in writing, and the money the government paid me, have been wasted. Worse, because this money allows me to consume things that I (and other people) want — things like food and shelter — the net effect on the economy is negative: zero value in, positive value out. This, then, is an example of a "bad" job.
15 de out. de 2012
Hayek and Spontaneous Orders
Online Library of Liberty - Hayek and Spontaneous Orders (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 29-31 | Added on Wednesday, January 18, 2012, 11:04 AM
In a recent interview Hayek commented on this book which examines the way we order and process the welter of information that comes through our senses. This sensory ordering process is a system too complicated to be understood in detail, but in general terms it is “the conception of the spontaneous formation of an order, the formation of extremely complex structures.”
- Highlight Loc. 29-31 | Added on Wednesday, January 18, 2012, 11:04 AM
In a recent interview Hayek commented on this book which examines the way we order and process the welter of information that comes through our senses. This sensory ordering process is a system too complicated to be understood in detail, but in general terms it is “the conception of the spontaneous formation of an order, the formation of extremely complex structures.”
crypto-anarchy
No Title (weidai.com)
- Highlight Loc. 1-3 | Added on Tuesday, January 17, 2012, 08:11 PM
I am fascinated by Tim May's crypto-anarchy. Unlike the communities traditionally associated with the word "anarchy", in a crypto-anarchy the government is not temporarily destroyed but permanently forbidden and permanently unnecessary.
- Highlight Loc. 1-3 | Added on Tuesday, January 17, 2012, 08:11 PM
I am fascinated by Tim May's crypto-anarchy. Unlike the communities traditionally associated with the word "anarchy", in a crypto-anarchy the government is not temporarily destroyed but permanently forbidden and permanently unnecessary.
Introduction to Petname Systems (skyhunter.com)
Introduction to Petname Systems (skyhunter.com)
- Highlight Loc. 29-33 | Added on Tuesday, January 17, 2012, 08:40 AM
In the simple case, a nickname has a one-to-many mapping to keys The name John Smith is obviously a nickname: there are many John Smiths.Other nicknames produce the illusion of being globally unique: the name Marc Stiegler appears to be globally unique at the time of this writing. But there is no security property in this accident of global uniqueness. The uniqueness of the name Marc Stiegler would change quite quickly if, through the mysterious forces of human whimsy, the name suddenly became desirable.
- Highlight Loc. 29-33 | Added on Tuesday, January 17, 2012, 08:40 AM
In the simple case, a nickname has a one-to-many mapping to keys The name John Smith is obviously a nickname: there are many John Smiths.Other nicknames produce the illusion of being globally unique: the name Marc Stiegler appears to be globally unique at the time of this writing. But there is no security property in this accident of global uniqueness. The uniqueness of the name Marc Stiegler would change quite quickly if, through the mysterious forces of human whimsy, the name suddenly became desirable.
Centralized authority provides a jugular vein
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 1230-34 | Added on Sunday, January 15, 2012, 04:40 PM
Decentralization leads to a more robust, resilient organization. Centralized authority provides a jugular vein which, when attacked, can greatly damage or destroy the entire system. If you topple the head of a pyramidal organization, the structure may collapse. On the other hand, as Ebadi points out, if you eliminate a key figure in a decentralized network, the system quickly adapts. The distinction between the ease with which Nazi Germany was able to force the central governments of Holland, Poland, and France to surrender, and the impossible time the Germans had in their efforts to subdue the decentralized French underground, illustrate the contrast.
- Highlight Loc. 1230-34 | Added on Sunday, January 15, 2012, 04:40 PM
Decentralization leads to a more robust, resilient organization. Centralized authority provides a jugular vein which, when attacked, can greatly damage or destroy the entire system. If you topple the head of a pyramidal organization, the structure may collapse. On the other hand, as Ebadi points out, if you eliminate a key figure in a decentralized network, the system quickly adapts. The distinction between the ease with which Nazi Germany was able to force the central governments of Holland, Poland, and France to surrender, and the impossible time the Germans had in their efforts to subdue the decentralized French underground, illustrate the contrast.
A Gravidade
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 1118-21 | Added on Sunday, January 15, 2012, 04:29 PM
Under the traditional, pyramidal model, gravity has been thought of as a kind of regulatory force imposed upon matter through external means. We even speak of gravity as one of the numerous “natural laws” by which nature has imposed its regularities upon the universe. While few people would take this as a literal proposition, or continue to insist that nature has “created” such “laws” and “imposed” them upon us pursuant to some subject/object relationship, the words that we use continue to reflect that kind of mindset.
- Highlight Loc. 1118-21 | Added on Sunday, January 15, 2012, 04:29 PM
Under the traditional, pyramidal model, gravity has been thought of as a kind of regulatory force imposed upon matter through external means. We even speak of gravity as one of the numerous “natural laws” by which nature has imposed its regularities upon the universe. While few people would take this as a literal proposition, or continue to insist that nature has “created” such “laws” and “imposed” them upon us pursuant to some subject/object relationship, the words that we use continue to reflect that kind of mindset.
Aquinas and all his contemporaries, and all his opponents for centuries after, did believe in demons
St. Thomas Aquinas By G. K. Chesterton (G.K. Chesterton)
- Highlight Loc. 24-28 | Added on Sunday, January 15, 2012, 04:22 PM
Third, I have not thought it necessary to notice those critics who, from time to time, desperately play to the gallery by reprinting paragraphs of medieval demonology in the hope of horrifying the modern public merely by an unfamiliar language. I have taken it for granted that educated men know that Aquinas and all his contemporaries, and all his opponents for centuries after, did believe in demons, and similar facts, but I have not thought them worth mentioning here, for the simple reason that they do not help to detach or distinguish the portrait.
- Highlight Loc. 24-28 | Added on Sunday, January 15, 2012, 04:22 PM
Third, I have not thought it necessary to notice those critics who, from time to time, desperately play to the gallery by reprinting paragraphs of medieval demonology in the hope of horrifying the modern public merely by an unfamiliar language. I have taken it for granted that educated men know that Aquinas and all his contemporaries, and all his opponents for centuries after, did believe in demons, and similar facts, but I have not thought them worth mentioning here, for the simple reason that they do not help to detach or distinguish the portrait.
the spontaneous emergence of an order may be only a chance phenomenon
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 571-77 | Added on Thursday, January 12, 2012, 08:33 AM
This theory, that there is a tendency to equilibrium in a decentralized exchange system is of course an empirical theory, which may be falsified. It is logically possible that there may be such endogenous 'shocks' to the system that the plans of the participants may not harmonize. Indeed, there are extreme 'subjectivists' who do not merely reject the neoclassical orthodoxy concerning static equilibrium, but also suggest that, becauseof the divergence of 'expectations,' future profitable opportunities may not be exploited so that there is not even a tendency for the actions of economic agents to be co-ordinated. In the work of G.L.S. Shackle and Ludwig Lachmann there is the implication that the spontaneous emergence of an order may be only a chance phenomenon, rather than a theoretical property of an interdependent economic system.
- Highlight Loc. 571-77 | Added on Thursday, January 12, 2012, 08:33 AM
This theory, that there is a tendency to equilibrium in a decentralized exchange system is of course an empirical theory, which may be falsified. It is logically possible that there may be such endogenous 'shocks' to the system that the plans of the participants may not harmonize. Indeed, there are extreme 'subjectivists' who do not merely reject the neoclassical orthodoxy concerning static equilibrium, but also suggest that, becauseof the divergence of 'expectations,' future profitable opportunities may not be exploited so that there is not even a tendency for the actions of economic agents to be co-ordinated. In the work of G.L.S. Shackle and Ludwig Lachmann there is the implication that the spontaneous emergence of an order may be only a chance phenomenon, rather than a theoretical property of an interdependent economic system.
quanto menos centralizado melhor?
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 540-45 | Added on Thursday, January 12, 2012, 08:29 AM
It is not that the theory of spontaneous order precludes planning as such; it is that only planning by individuals in decentralized markets will tend towards an optimal use of knowledge. The central planner has only that knowledge available to him, which is less than that which is co-ordinated among all the agents in a market process. Furthermore, because the future is unknowable, a system that relies on liberty allows for the accidental and spontaneous. Hayek's main objection to the rationalist theory of liberty is that the rationalist associates the growth of knowledge with predictability and control; but those things which can be predicted and controlled comprise only a small part of social and economic experience.
- Highlight Loc. 540-45 | Added on Thursday, January 12, 2012, 08:29 AM
It is not that the theory of spontaneous order precludes planning as such; it is that only planning by individuals in decentralized markets will tend towards an optimal use of knowledge. The central planner has only that knowledge available to him, which is less than that which is co-ordinated among all the agents in a market process. Furthermore, because the future is unknowable, a system that relies on liberty allows for the accidental and spontaneous. Hayek's main objection to the rationalist theory of liberty is that the rationalist associates the growth of knowledge with predictability and control; but those things which can be predicted and controlled comprise only a small part of social and economic experience.
"as pessoas são diferentes" e a ordem espontânea
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 533-37 | Added on Thursday, January 12, 2012, 08:28 AM
Thus, whereas Adam Smith and his successors saw the market and law as co-ordinating the self-interested actions of agents so as to produce an unintended beneficial outcome, Hayek speaks of the co-ordination of the actions of necessarily ignorant people. Thus the theory of spontaneous order does not depend for its truth on the so-called 'egoistic' behavior assumptions of traditional economic theory because there remain universal co-ordination problems whether people are selfish or altruistic in their impulses.
- Highlight Loc. 533-37 | Added on Thursday, January 12, 2012, 08:28 AM
Thus, whereas Adam Smith and his successors saw the market and law as co-ordinating the self-interested actions of agents so as to produce an unintended beneficial outcome, Hayek speaks of the co-ordination of the actions of necessarily ignorant people. Thus the theory of spontaneous order does not depend for its truth on the so-called 'egoistic' behavior assumptions of traditional economic theory because there remain universal co-ordination problems whether people are selfish or altruistic in their impulses.
no fundo, o objetivo do Inmetro, bem como o de qualquer agência reguladora, sempre foi um só: criar barreiras de entrada ao mercado
IMB - Regulamentações brasileiras garantem a prosperidade dos vigaristas (mises.org.br)
- Highlight Loc. 46-50 | Added on Thursday, January 12, 2012, 12:04 AM
Mas, no fundo, o objetivo do Inmetro, bem como o de qualquer agência reguladora, sempre foi um só: criar barreiras de entrada ao mercado de modo a proteger os poderosos e obsoletos, encarecendo a inovação e o empreendedorismo dos mais capazes, porém menos financeiramente capacitados. Trata-se do inexaurível conluio entre a burocracia estatal e os grandes interesses econômicos com o intuito de fechar o mercado para alguns poucos privilegiados.
- Highlight Loc. 46-50 | Added on Thursday, January 12, 2012, 12:04 AM
Mas, no fundo, o objetivo do Inmetro, bem como o de qualquer agência reguladora, sempre foi um só: criar barreiras de entrada ao mercado de modo a proteger os poderosos e obsoletos, encarecendo a inovação e o empreendedorismo dos mais capazes, porém menos financeiramente capacitados. Trata-se do inexaurível conluio entre a burocracia estatal e os grandes interesses econômicos com o intuito de fechar o mercado para alguns poucos privilegiados.
as virtudes são mutuamente determinadas
Why does justice have good consequences?
- Highlight Loc. 292-302 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 03:15 PM
Consider the following example. The Hilton Beachfront Inn is burning down, and Eric Marcus is trapped under a gigantic pumpkin-coloured beach umbrella. I could rush in and try to save him, but at considerable risk to myself. One might think of courage as counseling me to take the risk, and prudence as counseling me not to take the risk; but from an Aristotelean perspective, this would misdescribe the situation. The virtue of courage does not require us to take any and all risks, but only those risks that are worth taking; facing a danger worth running away from is no more admirable than running a way from a danger worth facing. Taking stupid risks is not admirable, and so is incompatible with what virtue requires. Likewise, the virtue of prudence does not require us to save our skins at all costs; we have a prudential interest not just in the length of our lives but in their quality, where quality of life depends, in turn, not just on material comforts but on whether we are living a life worthy of admiration and respect. Hence saving Eric is not courageous if it is imprudent; and letting Eric die is not prudent if it is cowardly. What courage requires of me in this instance cannot be determined independently of determining what prudence requires of me, and vice versa; the contents of the two virtues are specified reciprocally, via mutual adjustment. That is why I cannot possess one virtue fully without possessing them all: virtues require counterfactual stability.
- Highlight Loc. 292-302 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 03:15 PM
Consider the following example. The Hilton Beachfront Inn is burning down, and Eric Marcus is trapped under a gigantic pumpkin-coloured beach umbrella. I could rush in and try to save him, but at considerable risk to myself. One might think of courage as counseling me to take the risk, and prudence as counseling me not to take the risk; but from an Aristotelean perspective, this would misdescribe the situation. The virtue of courage does not require us to take any and all risks, but only those risks that are worth taking; facing a danger worth running away from is no more admirable than running a way from a danger worth facing. Taking stupid risks is not admirable, and so is incompatible with what virtue requires. Likewise, the virtue of prudence does not require us to save our skins at all costs; we have a prudential interest not just in the length of our lives but in their quality, where quality of life depends, in turn, not just on material comforts but on whether we are living a life worthy of admiration and respect. Hence saving Eric is not courageous if it is imprudent; and letting Eric die is not prudent if it is cowardly. What courage requires of me in this instance cannot be determined independently of determining what prudence requires of me, and vice versa; the contents of the two virtues are specified reciprocally, via mutual adjustment. That is why I cannot possess one virtue fully without possessing them all: virtues require counterfactual stability.
a unidade dos meios e fins.
Why does justice have good consequences?
- Highlight Loc. 266-82 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 03:12 PM
Hence justice must be understood as a means, not as an ultimate end. But here again there are two options; justice is either an external means or an internal means. An external means bears a causal or instrumental relation to its end, while an internal means bears a logical or constitutive relation to its end. If Freud is right, then my motive in writing this address was to win "fame, fortune, and the love of women." This would be an example of an external means. (What the causal mechanism is I’m not sure.) By contrast, playing this particular chord here -- Kevin was supposed to provide me with a calliope at this point, or at the very least with two elephants who would trumpet in different keys, but I guess you’ll have to use your imagination -- playing this particular chord here is an internal means to playing the Moonlight Sonata. I'm not playing the chord as an end in itself; the chord's value to me lies in its contribution to the whole sonata. So the chord is a means -- but not an external means. One test for the difference is to see whether it makes sense to wish for the end without the means. It makes sense to say, "I wish I could achieve fame, fortune, and the love of women without having to compose this Presidential Address," because the means and the end are logically separable; but it doesn’t make sense to say, "I wish I could play the Moonlight Sonata without having to play all these notes." Just these notes, played in just this sequence, constitute the Moonlight Sonata; there’s nothing we could count as playing the Moonlight Sonata without playing the particular sequence of notes of which it is composed. Now if the value of justice lies in its being an external means to some end, then it makes sense to wish for the end without having to use the means -- in which case we're entangled once again in the same sort of paradox that afflicts indirect consequentialism. Indeed, I think any theory that sees justice as a solution to a problem, or sees rights as a device for protecting people’s interests, is in danger of running afoul of the same paradox, so long as the means and the end are treated as logically separable -- in which case many of liberal rights theory’s most ardently anti-utilitarian thinkers, from Rawls and Dworkin to Rand and Rothbard, are skating on thin ice over a utilitarian abyss.
- Highlight Loc. 266-82 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 03:12 PM
Hence justice must be understood as a means, not as an ultimate end. But here again there are two options; justice is either an external means or an internal means. An external means bears a causal or instrumental relation to its end, while an internal means bears a logical or constitutive relation to its end. If Freud is right, then my motive in writing this address was to win "fame, fortune, and the love of women." This would be an example of an external means. (What the causal mechanism is I’m not sure.) By contrast, playing this particular chord here -- Kevin was supposed to provide me with a calliope at this point, or at the very least with two elephants who would trumpet in different keys, but I guess you’ll have to use your imagination -- playing this particular chord here is an internal means to playing the Moonlight Sonata. I'm not playing the chord as an end in itself; the chord's value to me lies in its contribution to the whole sonata. So the chord is a means -- but not an external means. One test for the difference is to see whether it makes sense to wish for the end without the means. It makes sense to say, "I wish I could achieve fame, fortune, and the love of women without having to compose this Presidential Address," because the means and the end are logically separable; but it doesn’t make sense to say, "I wish I could play the Moonlight Sonata without having to play all these notes." Just these notes, played in just this sequence, constitute the Moonlight Sonata; there’s nothing we could count as playing the Moonlight Sonata without playing the particular sequence of notes of which it is composed. Now if the value of justice lies in its being an external means to some end, then it makes sense to wish for the end without having to use the means -- in which case we're entangled once again in the same sort of paradox that afflicts indirect consequentialism. Indeed, I think any theory that sees justice as a solution to a problem, or sees rights as a device for protecting people’s interests, is in danger of running afoul of the same paradox, so long as the means and the end are treated as logically separable -- in which case many of liberal rights theory’s most ardently anti-utilitarian thinkers, from Rawls and Dworkin to Rand and Rothbard, are skating on thin ice over a utilitarian abyss.
dialetos na Itália em 1860.
Why Do Languages Die? (mises.org)
- Highlight Loc. 112-14 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 12:28 AM
As Greene points out, for example, By one estimate, just 2 or 3 percent of newly minted "Italians" spoke Italian at home when Italy was unified in the 1860s. Some Italian dialects were as different from one another as modern Italian is from modern Spanish.[12]
- Highlight Loc. 112-14 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 12:28 AM
As Greene points out, for example, By one estimate, just 2 or 3 percent of newly minted "Italians" spoke Italian at home when Italy was unified in the 1860s. Some Italian dialects were as different from one another as modern Italian is from modern Spanish.[12]
A "nation" instead referred to a collection of individuals who share a common history, religion, cultural customs and — most importantly — language.
Why Do Languages Die? (mises.org)
- Highlight Loc. 92-99 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 12:25 AM
The very existence of a modern nation-state, and the ideology it encompasses, is antithetical to linguistic diversity. It is predicated on the idea of one state, one nation, one people. In Nation, State, and Economy, Mises points out that, prior to the rise of nationalism in the 17th and 18th centuries, the concept of a nation did not refer to a political unit like state or country as we think of it today. A "nation" instead referred to a collection of individuals who share a common history, religion, cultural customs and — most importantly — language. Mises even went so far as to claim that "the essence of nationality lies in language."[8] The "state" was a thing apart, referring to the nobility or princely state, not a community of people (hence Louis XIV's famous quip, "L'état c'est moi.").[9] In that era, a state might consist of many nations, and a nation might subsume many states.
- Highlight Loc. 92-99 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 12:25 AM
The very existence of a modern nation-state, and the ideology it encompasses, is antithetical to linguistic diversity. It is predicated on the idea of one state, one nation, one people. In Nation, State, and Economy, Mises points out that, prior to the rise of nationalism in the 17th and 18th centuries, the concept of a nation did not refer to a political unit like state or country as we think of it today. A "nation" instead referred to a collection of individuals who share a common history, religion, cultural customs and — most importantly — language. Mises even went so far as to claim that "the essence of nationality lies in language."[8] The "state" was a thing apart, referring to the nobility or princely state, not a community of people (hence Louis XIV's famous quip, "L'état c'est moi.").[9] In that era, a state might consist of many nations, and a nation might subsume many states.
Why Do Languages Die? (mises.org)
Why Do Languages Die? (mises.org)
- Highlight Loc. 68-71 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 12:22 AM
But these languages clearly do have value, if for no other reason than simply because people value them. Local and minority languages are valued by their speakers for all sorts of reasons, whether it be for use in the local community, communicating with one's elders, a sense of heritage, the oral and literary traditions of that language, or something else entirely. Again, the praxeologist is not in a position to evaluate these beliefs.
- Highlight Loc. 68-71 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 12:22 AM
But these languages clearly do have value, if for no other reason than simply because people value them. Local and minority languages are valued by their speakers for all sorts of reasons, whether it be for use in the local community, communicating with one's elders, a sense of heritage, the oral and literary traditions of that language, or something else entirely. Again, the praxeologist is not in a position to evaluate these beliefs.
Why Do Languages Die? (mises.org)
Why Do Languages Die? (mises.org)
- Highlight Loc. 63-68 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 12:21 AM
It is not just that children are forcibly removed from the socialization process in the home, required to speak an official language and punished (often corporally) for doing otherwise. It is not just that schools redefine success, away from those things valued by the community, and towards those things that make someone a better citizen of the state. No, the most significant impact of compulsory state education is that it ingrains in children the idea that their language and their culture is worthless, of no use in the modern classroom or society, and that it is something that merely serves to set them apart negatively from their peers, as an object of their vicious torment.
- Highlight Loc. 63-68 | Added on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, 12:21 AM
It is not just that children are forcibly removed from the socialization process in the home, required to speak an official language and punished (often corporally) for doing otherwise. It is not just that schools redefine success, away from those things valued by the community, and towards those things that make someone a better citizen of the state. No, the most significant impact of compulsory state education is that it ingrains in children the idea that their language and their culture is worthless, of no use in the modern classroom or society, and that it is something that merely serves to set them apart negatively from their peers, as an object of their vicious torment.
holographic organization: order as a by-product of the behavior
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 1099-1104 | Added on Tuesday, January 10, 2012, 08:38 AM
Within a holographic organization, authority flows horizontally, or laterally, with members communicating and exchanging directly with one another, rather than through formal intermediaries. The function of leaders within such a system is not to direct, control, and supervise members, but to coordinate and facilitate (e.g., to make certain that raw materials are available for work, to maintain clear channels for feedback, or, as the phrase used to be employed to describe the role of college administrators: to keep the snow off the sidewalks). Order is more spontaneously derived as a by-product of the behavior of all members of the organization, not the creature of institutional design or authoritative pronouncement.
- Highlight Loc. 1099-1104 | Added on Tuesday, January 10, 2012, 08:38 AM
Within a holographic organization, authority flows horizontally, or laterally, with members communicating and exchanging directly with one another, rather than through formal intermediaries. The function of leaders within such a system is not to direct, control, and supervise members, but to coordinate and facilitate (e.g., to make certain that raw materials are available for work, to maintain clear channels for feedback, or, as the phrase used to be employed to describe the role of college administrators: to keep the snow off the sidewalks). Order is more spontaneously derived as a by-product of the behavior of all members of the organization, not the creature of institutional design or authoritative pronouncement.
Terry Pratchett sobre o caos.
What Was Left Out of the Analysis (lewrockwell.com)
- Highlight Loc. 41-42 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 04:06 PM
most important lesson from the study of "chaos" so well-expressed by Terry Pratchett: "Chaos is found in greatest abundance wherever order is being sought. It always defeats order because it is better organized."
- Highlight Loc. 41-42 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 04:06 PM
most important lesson from the study of "chaos" so well-expressed by Terry Pratchett: "Chaos is found in greatest abundance wherever order is being sought. It always defeats order because it is better organized."
dinheiro: ordem espontânea
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 497-500 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 12:12 AM
However, all the economic agents could never simultaneously possess the knowledge of the advantages of the money good. The emergence of money is a gradual process and is in fact set in train originally by a small number of individuals perspicacious enough to see its advantages. It was not the intention of those economic agents to produce something for the public's advantage but this is what occurs.
- Highlight Loc. 497-500 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 12:12 AM
However, all the economic agents could never simultaneously possess the knowledge of the advantages of the money good. The emergence of money is a gradual process and is in fact set in train originally by a small number of individuals perspicacious enough to see its advantages. It was not the intention of those economic agents to produce something for the public's advantage but this is what occurs.
money, languages, markets, and law
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 480-82 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 12:10 AM
The institutions that social science explains by the method of abstraction are money, languages, markets, and law. They are examples of what Menger calls organic phenomena because they are the results of natural processes. These organic institutions are to be contrasted with pragmatic institutions, which are the product of human deliberation and will.
- Highlight Loc. 480-82 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 12:10 AM
The institutions that social science explains by the method of abstraction are money, languages, markets, and law. They are examples of what Menger calls organic phenomena because they are the results of natural processes. These organic institutions are to be contrasted with pragmatic institutions, which are the product of human deliberation and will.
ordem espontânea anti-liberal
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 458-63 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 12:07 AM
It is curious why Hayek should pay so little attention to Spencer's social science and philosophy. What is even more remarkable is that the influence of evolution had a corrosive effect on both their systems. For if the criterion of social value is survival in an evolutionary process, what can be said against those institutions which, although they may embody anti-liberal values, have survived? Spencer was faced with this problem during his lifetime because of the rise and political success of socialist institutions and measures which he claimed belonged to a pre-industrial state of social evolution. As we shall see below, Hayek is faced with the problem that undesigned institutions may develop in a number of different ways, including anti-liberal ways.
- Highlight Loc. 458-63 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 12:07 AM
It is curious why Hayek should pay so little attention to Spencer's social science and philosophy. What is even more remarkable is that the influence of evolution had a corrosive effect on both their systems. For if the criterion of social value is survival in an evolutionary process, what can be said against those institutions which, although they may embody anti-liberal values, have survived? Spencer was faced with this problem during his lifetime because of the rise and political success of socialist institutions and measures which he claimed belonged to a pre-industrial state of social evolution. As we shall see below, Hayek is faced with the problem that undesigned institutions may develop in a number of different ways, including anti-liberal ways.
"in the great chess-board of human society, every single piece has a principle of motion of its own"
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 373-80 | Added on Thursday, January 05, 2012, 10:58 AM
In The Theory of Moral Sentiments he argues fiercely against that 'spirit of system' of the rationalist philosophers which arrogantly presupposes that the happiness of human beings can be arranged, independently of experience, according to a predetermined plan. He says that rationalists forget that "in the great chess-board of human society, every single piece has a principle of motion of its own, altogether different from that which the legislature might choose to impress upon it."[38] In a number of passages in The Wealth of Nations he argues that the centralized legislator will not have the knowledge at his disposal that individuals have of their 'local situations' and it is this which is maximized in their pursuit of natural liberty. That 'invisible hand' that co-ordinates human action under the system of natural liberty is as much a metaphor to describe how a society responds to the problem of ignorance as it is a metaphor to explain how the public good can be a product of self-regarding action.
- Highlight Loc. 373-80 | Added on Thursday, January 05, 2012, 10:58 AM
In The Theory of Moral Sentiments he argues fiercely against that 'spirit of system' of the rationalist philosophers which arrogantly presupposes that the happiness of human beings can be arranged, independently of experience, according to a predetermined plan. He says that rationalists forget that "in the great chess-board of human society, every single piece has a principle of motion of its own, altogether different from that which the legislature might choose to impress upon it."[38] In a number of passages in The Wealth of Nations he argues that the centralized legislator will not have the knowledge at his disposal that individuals have of their 'local situations' and it is this which is maximized in their pursuit of natural liberty. That 'invisible hand' that co-ordinates human action under the system of natural liberty is as much a metaphor to describe how a society responds to the problem of ignorance as it is a metaphor to explain how the public good can be a product of self-regarding action.
law requires the application of general principles to particular cases and this depends largely upon experience
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 170-71 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:32 AM
Rationalism must fail because law requires the application of general principles to particular cases and this depends largely upon experience. It is because the law must be predictable and certain that there is a presumption in favor of experience and what is known.
- Highlight Loc. 170-71 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:32 AM
Rationalism must fail because law requires the application of general principles to particular cases and this depends largely upon experience. It is because the law must be predictable and certain that there is a presumption in favor of experience and what is known.
events which would occur "if they were allowed to work themselves out without further disturbance."
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 151-55 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:28 AM
It is important to note, however, that two eminent scholars, Schumpeter and Hayek, both regard Molina's social theory as a natural law doctrine which looks forward not to seventeenth-century rationalism but to the theory of spontaneous order. Molina's economics is an investigation of nature, in the sense of there being sequences of events which would occur "if they were allowed to work themselves out without further disturbance."[15] Here the maxims of natural law appear to be less the dictates of an unaided reason than the implications of a benign nature.
- Highlight Loc. 151-55 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:28 AM
It is important to note, however, that two eminent scholars, Schumpeter and Hayek, both regard Molina's social theory as a natural law doctrine which looks forward not to seventeenth-century rationalism but to the theory of spontaneous order. Molina's economics is an investigation of nature, in the sense of there being sequences of events which would occur "if they were allowed to work themselves out without further disturbance."[15] Here the maxims of natural law appear to be less the dictates of an unaided reason than the implications of a benign nature.
Rules appropriate for a spontaneous order, by contrast, are more likely to be discovered than deliberately created.
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 75-78 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:18 AM
Rules appropriate for a spontaneous order, by contrast, are more likely to be discovered than deliberately created.
- Highlight Loc. 75-78 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:18 AM
Rules appropriate for a spontaneous order, by contrast, are more likely to be discovered than deliberately created.
co-sleeping, like many aspects of early childhood, is a relationship that exists outside of the state
Under Penalty of Catapult (underpenaltyofcatapult.com)
- Highlight Loc. 14-15 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 03:35 PM
The real problem is that co-sleeping, like many aspects of early childhood, is a relationship that exists outside of the state. There’s no government regulation of co-sleeping.
- Highlight Loc. 14-15 | Added on Friday, January 06, 2012, 03:35 PM
The real problem is that co-sleeping, like many aspects of early childhood, is a relationship that exists outside of the state. There’s no government regulation of co-sleeping.
Spontaneous Order: the result of human action but not the result of some specific human intention
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 26-31 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:11 AM
The simplest way of expressing the major thesis of the theory of spontaneous order is to say that it is concerned with those regularities in society, or orders of events, which are neither (1) the product of deliberate human contrivance (such as a statutory code of law or a dirigiste economic plan) nor (2) akin to purely natural phenomena (such as the weather, which exists quite independently of human intervention). While the words conventional and natural refer, respectively, to these two regularities, the 'third realm,' that of social regularities, consists of those institutions and practices which are the result of human action but not the result of some specific human intention.[2]
- Highlight Loc. 26-31 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:11 AM
The simplest way of expressing the major thesis of the theory of spontaneous order is to say that it is concerned with those regularities in society, or orders of events, which are neither (1) the product of deliberate human contrivance (such as a statutory code of law or a dirigiste economic plan) nor (2) akin to purely natural phenomena (such as the weather, which exists quite independently of human intervention). While the words conventional and natural refer, respectively, to these two regularities, the 'third realm,' that of social regularities, consists of those institutions and practices which are the result of human action but not the result of some specific human intention.[2]
The Tradition of Spontaneous Order
Online Library of Liberty - The Tradition of Spontaneous Order: A Bibliographical Essay by Norman Barry (oll.libertyfund.org)
- Highlight Loc. 8-18 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:09 AM
The theory of spontaneous order has a long tradition in the history of social thought, yet it would be true to say that, until the last decade, it was all but eclipsed in the social science of the twentieth century. For much of this period the idea of spontaneous order - that most of those things of general benefit in a social system are the product of spontaneous forces that are beyond the direct control of man - was swamped by the various doctrines of (to use Friedrich A. Hayek's phrase in Law, Legislation and Liberty) 'constructivistic rationalism.'[1] No doubt the attraction of this rival notion of rationalism stems partly from the success of the physical sciences with their familiar methods of control, exact prediction, and experimentation. It is these methods which have an irresistible appeal to that hubris in man which associates the benefits of civilization not with spontaneous orderings but with conscious direction towards preconceived ends. It is particularly unfortunate that the effect of constructivistic rationalism should have been mainly felt in economics. This is unfortunate not merely because attempts to direct economics have repeatedly failed but also because the discipline of economics has developed most fully the theory of spontaneous order.
- Highlight Loc. 8-18 | Added on Tuesday, January 03, 2012, 12:09 AM
The theory of spontaneous order has a long tradition in the history of social thought, yet it would be true to say that, until the last decade, it was all but eclipsed in the social science of the twentieth century. For much of this period the idea of spontaneous order - that most of those things of general benefit in a social system are the product of spontaneous forces that are beyond the direct control of man - was swamped by the various doctrines of (to use Friedrich A. Hayek's phrase in Law, Legislation and Liberty) 'constructivistic rationalism.'[1] No doubt the attraction of this rival notion of rationalism stems partly from the success of the physical sciences with their familiar methods of control, exact prediction, and experimentation. It is these methods which have an irresistible appeal to that hubris in man which associates the benefits of civilization not with spontaneous orderings but with conscious direction towards preconceived ends. It is particularly unfortunate that the effect of constructivistic rationalism should have been mainly felt in economics. This is unfortunate not merely because attempts to direct economics have repeatedly failed but also because the discipline of economics has developed most fully the theory of spontaneous order.
every people has its own mode of commemoration
All Things Considered (G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton)
- Highlight on Page 39 | Loc. 640-43 | Added on Monday, January 02, 2012, 11:55 PM
As to the affair of the English monument to Shakspere, every people has its own mode of commemoration, and I think there is a great deal to be said for ours. There is the French monumental style, which consists in erecting very pompous statues, very well done. There is the German monumental style, which consists in erecting very pompous statues, badly done. And there is the English monumental method, the great English way with statues, which consists in not erecting them at all. A statue may be dignified; but the absence of a statue is always dignified.
- Highlight on Page 39 | Loc. 640-43 | Added on Monday, January 02, 2012, 11:55 PM
As to the affair of the English monument to Shakspere, every people has its own mode of commemoration, and I think there is a great deal to be said for ours. There is the French monumental style, which consists in erecting very pompous statues, very well done. There is the German monumental style, which consists in erecting very pompous statues, badly done. And there is the English monumental method, the great English way with statues, which consists in not erecting them at all. A statue may be dignified; but the absence of a statue is always dignified.
I should be against burying him in Westminster Abbey
All Things Considered (G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton)
- Highlight on Page 39 | Loc. 633-35 | Added on Monday, January 02, 2012, 11:53 PM
I should be against burying him in Westminster Abbey; first, because he is still alive (and here I think even he himself might admit the justice of my protest);
- Highlight on Page 39 | Loc. 633-35 | Added on Monday, January 02, 2012, 11:53 PM
I should be against burying him in Westminster Abbey; first, because he is still alive (and here I think even he himself might admit the justice of my protest);
dinheiro parado no banco é poupança?
Free Banking: Theory, History and a Laissez-Faire Model (Larry J. Sechrest)
- Highlight Loc. 4233-37 | Added on Monday, January 02, 2012, 01:21 AM
For Rothbard, there are three separate allocative channels for one’s income: consumption, cash balances, and savings-investment (these two are always equal). As suggested above, this reasoning leads to a model in which discoordination can arise between the money and credit markets, and it raises a troublesome question. How can one deny that to refrain from consumption expenditures in order to increase one’s money balances is to engage in voluntary saving? Yet this is what Rothbard apparently does deny.
- Highlight Loc. 4233-37 | Added on Monday, January 02, 2012, 01:21 AM
For Rothbard, there are three separate allocative channels for one’s income: consumption, cash balances, and savings-investment (these two are always equal). As suggested above, this reasoning leads to a model in which discoordination can arise between the money and credit markets, and it raises a troublesome question. How can one deny that to refrain from consumption expenditures in order to increase one’s money balances is to engage in voluntary saving? Yet this is what Rothbard apparently does deny.
turbulências em sistemas complexos (sociedades)
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 983-86 | Added on Monday, January 02, 2012, 01:07 AM
As with other complex systems, societies are subject to the processes of chaos. Fluctuations within subsystems may generate increased turbulence that can reach a bifurcation point, at which the system may begin to function chaotically. Should this turbulence continue unabated, the system will experience either an entropic decline (e.g., western Rome) or total collapse, or transformation into a more refined order.
- Highlight Loc. 983-86 | Added on Monday, January 02, 2012, 01:07 AM
As with other complex systems, societies are subject to the processes of chaos. Fluctuations within subsystems may generate increased turbulence that can reach a bifurcation point, at which the system may begin to function chaotically. Should this turbulence continue unabated, the system will experience either an entropic decline (e.g., western Rome) or total collapse, or transformation into a more refined order.
A POLÍCIA REALMENTE COMBATE O CRIME?
Bourbon for Breakfast: Living Outside the Statist Quo (Jeffrey Tucker)
- Highlight Loc. 2415-21 | Added on Saturday, December 31, 2011, 03:12 PM
In any case, the phenomenon of Officer Kanapsky raises fundamental questions not only about federal labor law but also about the role of the police in any community. Do they really stop crime? Sure, they arrive after a crime has been committed; they take fingerprints (those only seem to work in the movies) and file reports. In real life, however, crime prevention is due to the private sector: locks, alarm systems, and the like.This is what prevents crimes from taking place. The police aren’t so hot at prosecuting crime either, but for people who commit crimes like slowing down at a three-way stop. Yet we are all somehow under the illusion that the police are the reason we are safe. It is the core mythology of our civic religion.
- Highlight Loc. 2415-21 | Added on Saturday, December 31, 2011, 03:12 PM
In any case, the phenomenon of Officer Kanapsky raises fundamental questions not only about federal labor law but also about the role of the police in any community. Do they really stop crime? Sure, they arrive after a crime has been committed; they take fingerprints (those only seem to work in the movies) and file reports. In real life, however, crime prevention is due to the private sector: locks, alarm systems, and the like.This is what prevents crimes from taking place. The police aren’t so hot at prosecuting crime either, but for people who commit crimes like slowing down at a three-way stop. Yet we are all somehow under the illusion that the police are the reason we are safe. It is the core mythology of our civic religion.
falhas da justiça estatal
Bourbon for Breakfast: Living Outside the Statist Quo (Jeffrey Tucker)
- Highlight Loc. 2398-2400 | Added on Saturday, December 31, 2011, 03:09 PM
Now it starts to make sense.You and I—his employers, so to speak—are paying a premium for his court time, which is why he spends his patrolling time trying to goad people into going to court. The policeman is being paid time and a half to waste our time and to cause our insurance rates to rise.
- Highlight Loc. 2398-2400 | Added on Saturday, December 31, 2011, 03:09 PM
Now it starts to make sense.You and I—his employers, so to speak—are paying a premium for his court time, which is why he spends his patrolling time trying to goad people into going to court. The policeman is being paid time and a half to waste our time and to cause our insurance rates to rise.
cosmologia anárquica
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 380-83 | Added on Saturday, December 31, 2011, 03:04 PM
The dismantling of hierarchical structures has cosmological significance as well. Is there a life force—a will to exist—within the universe? If so, does it emanate from a supreme intelligence and flow, in a top-down manner, to subordinate beings? Or, does it arise autonomously, as an interconnected interplay of matter/energy? Was the universe created, as a product of intelligent design, or did it evolve without intention? Are our lives subject to the power of a divine authority, or is each of us the director of our behavior and destiny?
- Highlight Loc. 380-83 | Added on Saturday, December 31, 2011, 03:04 PM
The dismantling of hierarchical structures has cosmological significance as well. Is there a life force—a will to exist—within the universe? If so, does it emanate from a supreme intelligence and flow, in a top-down manner, to subordinate beings? Or, does it arise autonomously, as an interconnected interplay of matter/energy? Was the universe created, as a product of intelligent design, or did it evolve without intention? Are our lives subject to the power of a divine authority, or is each of us the director of our behavior and destiny?
copyright vs pagamentos adiantados
Bourbon for Breakfast: Living Outside the Statist Quo (Jeffrey Tucker)
- Highlight Loc. 1673-78 | Added on Monday, December 26, 2011, 06:18 PM
Now, in a free market, there is nothing wrong with an upfront payment for first-run rights to a book or movie. It is by being first past the post that profits are made. This was how artists were paid in the Renaissance: not through royalties, as if the artists owns the image or work, but through a payment that comes with granting some third party the opportunity to be the first to reveal the work. In the 19th century, for example, British authors would sell their manuscripts to American publishers, who could not copyright the work (there was no such thing as international copyright in those days). It turned out that the authors made more money through this means of payment than through royalties in their own country.
- Highlight Loc. 1673-78 | Added on Monday, December 26, 2011, 06:18 PM
Now, in a free market, there is nothing wrong with an upfront payment for first-run rights to a book or movie. It is by being first past the post that profits are made. This was how artists were paid in the Renaissance: not through royalties, as if the artists owns the image or work, but through a payment that comes with granting some third party the opportunity to be the first to reveal the work. In the 19th century, for example, British authors would sell their manuscripts to American publishers, who could not copyright the work (there was no such thing as international copyright in those days). It turned out that the authors made more money through this means of payment than through royalties in their own country.
it is simple— not complex—systems that can more easily be organized from the top-down
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 806-10 | Added on Monday, December 26, 2011, 08:43 AM
While many continue to express faith in the proposition that “the more complex society becomes, the greater the need for centralized, governmental regulation,” the truth lies elsewhere. Because of the unpredictability factor, it is simple— not complex—systems that can more easily be organized from the top-down. The more complex a society becomes, the less capable political systems are to provide for social order—if, indeed, they ever were—and the more we must rely upon spontaneous and informal processes. Politics is a means for trying to enforce a simplified model of structured regularity upon a complex, nonlinear world.
- Highlight Loc. 806-10 | Added on Monday, December 26, 2011, 08:43 AM
While many continue to express faith in the proposition that “the more complex society becomes, the greater the need for centralized, governmental regulation,” the truth lies elsewhere. Because of the unpredictability factor, it is simple— not complex—systems that can more easily be organized from the top-down. The more complex a society becomes, the less capable political systems are to provide for social order—if, indeed, they ever were—and the more we must rely upon spontaneous and informal processes. Politics is a means for trying to enforce a simplified model of structured regularity upon a complex, nonlinear world.
Chaos is but unperceived order
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 797-804 | Added on Monday, December 26, 2011, 01:10 AM
If we think of order as a kind of information system, our failure to discover the underlying harmony or regularity may lead us to conclude that we are facing disorderly conditions. But isn’t the difference between what we think of as order and disorder accounted for only by the state of our understanding rather than by the rest of nature? Has the universe suddenly changed from “chaos” to “order,” or has there only been a change in our perspectives—encouraged, perhaps, by the availability of improved technologies—such that we are now able to discover these hidden patterns of order? And isn’t the process of discovering order in what seems to us disorderly, only a synonym for learning? Harlow Shapley expressed the point in these words: “Chaos is but unperceived order; it is a word indicating the limitations of the human mind and the paucity of observational facts. The words ‘chaos,’ ‘accidental,’ ‘chance,’ ‘unpredictable,’ are conveniences behind which we hide our ignorance.”
- Highlight Loc. 797-804 | Added on Monday, December 26, 2011, 01:10 AM
If we think of order as a kind of information system, our failure to discover the underlying harmony or regularity may lead us to conclude that we are facing disorderly conditions. But isn’t the difference between what we think of as order and disorder accounted for only by the state of our understanding rather than by the rest of nature? Has the universe suddenly changed from “chaos” to “order,” or has there only been a change in our perspectives—encouraged, perhaps, by the availability of improved technologies—such that we are now able to discover these hidden patterns of order? And isn’t the process of discovering order in what seems to us disorderly, only a synonym for learning? Harlow Shapley expressed the point in these words: “Chaos is but unperceived order; it is a word indicating the limitations of the human mind and the paucity of observational facts. The words ‘chaos,’ ‘accidental,’ ‘chance,’ ‘unpredictable,’ are conveniences behind which we hide our ignorance.”
8 de out. de 2012
Our task is not to manage complexity, which implies trying to control it for intended results, but to respond to its presence.
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 733-36 | Added on Sunday, December 25, 2011, 05:03 PM
Our task is not to manage complexity, which implies trying to control it for intended results, but to respond to its presence. An example of this latter approach is found in the warnings given to participants in whitewater river-rafting: should you fall overboard and be drawn beneath the raft, do not fight the turbulence but give in to it, and you will return to the surface on the other side. Those who fight the turbulence often end up drowning.
- Highlight Loc. 733-36 | Added on Sunday, December 25, 2011, 05:03 PM
Our task is not to manage complexity, which implies trying to control it for intended results, but to respond to its presence. An example of this latter approach is found in the warnings given to participants in whitewater river-rafting: should you fall overboard and be drawn beneath the raft, do not fight the turbulence but give in to it, and you will return to the surface on the other side. Those who fight the turbulence often end up drowning.
localize, rather than universalize, the consequences of erroneous judgments
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 695-97 | Added on Sunday, December 25, 2011, 02:59 PM
We shall discover, further on, how a system of privately-owned property is not only essential to such self-organizing processes but, by decentralizing decision-making, serves to localize, rather than universalize, the consequences of erroneous judgments.
- Highlight Loc. 695-97 | Added on Sunday, December 25, 2011, 02:59 PM
We shall discover, further on, how a system of privately-owned property is not only essential to such self-organizing processes but, by decentralizing decision-making, serves to localize, rather than universalize, the consequences of erroneous judgments.
Every individual becomes a link in many chains of transmission through which he receives signals enabling him to adapt his plans to circumstances he does not know.
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 690-94 | Added on Sunday, December 25, 2011, 02:59 PM
As Hayek has expressed it, the spontaneous ordering of social systems requires us to “allow each individual element to find its own place within the larger order.” This process requires that dispersed information be utilized by many different individuals, unknown to one another, in a way that allows the different knowledge of millions to form an exosomatic or material pattern. Every individual becomes a link in many chains of transmission through which he receives signals enabling him to adapt his plans to circumstances he does not know.14
- Highlight Loc. 690-94 | Added on Sunday, December 25, 2011, 02:59 PM
As Hayek has expressed it, the spontaneous ordering of social systems requires us to “allow each individual element to find its own place within the larger order.” This process requires that dispersed information be utilized by many different individuals, unknown to one another, in a way that allows the different knowledge of millions to form an exosomatic or material pattern. Every individual becomes a link in many chains of transmission through which he receives signals enabling him to adapt his plans to circumstances he does not know.14
Um Discurso Fatal, Rex Stout
Um Discurso Fatal, Rex Stout
- Highlight Loc. 2033-39 | Added on Friday, December 23, 2011, 08:52 AM
— Isso me lembra — observei — aquele velho quadro que havia na nossa sala de jantar em Ohio, das pessoas num trenó jogando uma criancinha aos lobos que os perseguiam. Isso talvez não se aplique ao Dexter ou ao Kates, mas com toda a certeza se aplica ao O’Neill. Esprit de corps uma ova. Meu Deus, ele era presidente do comitê de jantar. Aquele quadro me preocupava muito. Sob certo ponto de vista, era desumano jogar o bebê, mas por outro lado, se não o jogassem, os lobos eventualmente teriam apanhado todo mundo, bebê, cavalos e tudo. É verdade que o próprio homem poderia ter pulado, ou a mulher. Lembro-me de ter decidido que, se fosse eu, beijaria a mulher e a criança em despedida e então pularia. Naquele tempo eu tinha oito anos, era menor, e hoje em dia não acho que esteja tão obrigado a ter essa atitude.
- Highlight Loc. 2033-39 | Added on Friday, December 23, 2011, 08:52 AM
— Isso me lembra — observei — aquele velho quadro que havia na nossa sala de jantar em Ohio, das pessoas num trenó jogando uma criancinha aos lobos que os perseguiam. Isso talvez não se aplique ao Dexter ou ao Kates, mas com toda a certeza se aplica ao O’Neill. Esprit de corps uma ova. Meu Deus, ele era presidente do comitê de jantar. Aquele quadro me preocupava muito. Sob certo ponto de vista, era desumano jogar o bebê, mas por outro lado, se não o jogassem, os lobos eventualmente teriam apanhado todo mundo, bebê, cavalos e tudo. É verdade que o próprio homem poderia ter pulado, ou a mulher. Lembro-me de ter decidido que, se fosse eu, beijaria a mulher e a criança em despedida e então pularia. Naquele tempo eu tinha oito anos, era menor, e hoje em dia não acho que esteja tão obrigado a ter essa atitude.
When a government-run program ends in disaster
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 600-602 | Added on Wednesday, December 21, 2011, 10:44 PM
When a government-run program ends in disaster, the mechanistic mantra is invariably invoked: “we will find out what went wrong and fix it so that this doesn’t happen again.” That the traditional model itself, which is grounded in the state’s power to control the lives and property of individuals to desired ends, may be the principal contributor to such social disorder goes largely unexplored.
- Highlight Loc. 600-602 | Added on Wednesday, December 21, 2011, 10:44 PM
When a government-run program ends in disaster, the mechanistic mantra is invariably invoked: “we will find out what went wrong and fix it so that this doesn’t happen again.” That the traditional model itself, which is grounded in the state’s power to control the lives and property of individuals to desired ends, may be the principal contributor to such social disorder goes largely unexplored.
— Você mora aqui?
Um Discurso Fatal, Rex Stout
- Highlight Loc. 1144-46 | Added on Tuesday, December 20, 2011, 11:52 PM
Não nego que às vezes sou franco demais, mas se alguém me chamar de grosseiro eu brigo. Entretanto, ao ver Kates lá de novo, eu disse o que disse. Suponho que poderia ser interpretado de diversos modos. Não concordo com essa história de que Phoebe Gunther me obcecava, mas o que houve é que encarei Alger Kates e perguntei:
— Você mora aqui?
- Highlight Loc. 1144-46 | Added on Tuesday, December 20, 2011, 11:52 PM
Não nego que às vezes sou franco demais, mas se alguém me chamar de grosseiro eu brigo. Entretanto, ao ver Kates lá de novo, eu disse o que disse. Suponho que poderia ser interpretado de diversos modos. Não concordo com essa história de que Phoebe Gunther me obcecava, mas o que houve é que encarei Alger Kates e perguntei:
— Você mora aqui?
Um Discurso Fatal, Rex Stout
Um Discurso Fatal, Rex Stout
- Highlight Loc. 870-74 | Added on Monday, December 19, 2011, 11:49 PM
— Nossa estratégia não presta para nada. Ele toma um táxi e vamos atrás dele, e quando ele voltar para casa seu porteiro lhe diz que foi seguido.
— E que é que eu devia fazer? — perguntei. — Devia me disfarçar de florista e ficar na esquina vendendo flores? Na próxima vez você prepara um plano. Esse negócio de segui-lo virou piada. Dê partida no carro. De qualquer modo, ele nunca voltará para casa. Vamos apanhá-lo por assassinato antes do fim do dia. Vamos!
- Highlight Loc. 870-74 | Added on Monday, December 19, 2011, 11:49 PM
— Nossa estratégia não presta para nada. Ele toma um táxi e vamos atrás dele, e quando ele voltar para casa seu porteiro lhe diz que foi seguido.
— E que é que eu devia fazer? — perguntei. — Devia me disfarçar de florista e ficar na esquina vendendo flores? Na próxima vez você prepara um plano. Esse negócio de segui-lo virou piada. Dê partida no carro. De qualquer modo, ele nunca voltará para casa. Vamos apanhá-lo por assassinato antes do fim do dia. Vamos!
eminent domain x self-ownership
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 486-91 | Added on Monday, December 19, 2011, 03:17 AM
Our assertion of self-ownership confronts the doctrine of eminent domain, a concept essential to the authority of all political systems. Eminent domain expresses the proposition that the state has a supervening claim to all property interests within its domain, which it may exercise at any time it chooses. Such powers are not confined to the more familiar area of real property, but include ownership claims over persons. Conscription, the regulation and taxation of one’s productive activities, control over what substances a person may ingest, capital punishment; and compulsory education, are some of the major instances of the eminent domain principle, which presumes individual interests to be subservient to those of the state. It is this doctrine that is being challenged by the development of decentralized, horizontal, interconnected social practices.
- Highlight Loc. 486-91 | Added on Monday, December 19, 2011, 03:17 AM
Our assertion of self-ownership confronts the doctrine of eminent domain, a concept essential to the authority of all political systems. Eminent domain expresses the proposition that the state has a supervening claim to all property interests within its domain, which it may exercise at any time it chooses. Such powers are not confined to the more familiar area of real property, but include ownership claims over persons. Conscription, the regulation and taxation of one’s productive activities, control over what substances a person may ingest, capital punishment; and compulsory education, are some of the major instances of the eminent domain principle, which presumes individual interests to be subservient to those of the state. It is this doctrine that is being challenged by the development of decentralized, horizontal, interconnected social practices.
No centro, o próprio Estado e suas gigantescas empresas monopolísticas
JORNALISTA DIEGO CASAGRANDE (web.archive.org)
- Highlight Loc. 11-18 | Added on Sunday, December 18, 2011, 09:12 PM
No centro, o próprio Estado e suas gigantescas empresas monopolísticas, os políticos e funcionários controlando todas as alavancas e botões da máquina econômica. Nada se fazia sem sua autorização. Ao redor deles, algumas dezenas de ricas empresas privadas mimadas com todo tipo de privilégio: concessões, subsídios, reserva de mercado etc. Mais afastados do núcleo, os negócios pequenos e médios, os profissionais liberais, lutando para sobreviver aos confiscos, extorsões tributárias, inflação, regulamentações draconianas e outras armadilhas e obstáculos montados pelo Estado para apanhar os incautos. Na periferia desse círculo econômico perverso, dezenas de milhões sem eira nem beira, morando em favelas miseráveis, seus salários corroídos pela monstruosa emissão inflacionária do Estado, vivendo das migalhas que o poder central lhes deixava. Esse quadro lamentável era o resultado das escolhas e decisões dos brasileiros, sobretudo da elite política, econômica e cultural.
- Highlight Loc. 11-18 | Added on Sunday, December 18, 2011, 09:12 PM
No centro, o próprio Estado e suas gigantescas empresas monopolísticas, os políticos e funcionários controlando todas as alavancas e botões da máquina econômica. Nada se fazia sem sua autorização. Ao redor deles, algumas dezenas de ricas empresas privadas mimadas com todo tipo de privilégio: concessões, subsídios, reserva de mercado etc. Mais afastados do núcleo, os negócios pequenos e médios, os profissionais liberais, lutando para sobreviver aos confiscos, extorsões tributárias, inflação, regulamentações draconianas e outras armadilhas e obstáculos montados pelo Estado para apanhar os incautos. Na periferia desse círculo econômico perverso, dezenas de milhões sem eira nem beira, morando em favelas miseráveis, seus salários corroídos pela monstruosa emissão inflacionária do Estado, vivendo das migalhas que o poder central lhes deixava. Esse quadro lamentável era o resultado das escolhas e decisões dos brasileiros, sobretudo da elite política, econômica e cultural.
soterrada por milhões de leis absurdas e inexeqüíveis e sufocada por um fardo intolerável de impostos
JORNALISTA DIEGO CASAGRANDE (web.archive.org)
- Highlight Loc. 22-26 | Added on Saturday, December 17, 2011, 09:28 PM
os parlamentares e os grupos de pressão que os circundam são profissionais dedicados integralmente a extrair benesses dos pagadores de impostos. Estes, ao contrário, isolados e mergulhados em suas próprias atividades de trabalho e lazer, não têm tempo, meios, nem conhecimento para se defender eficazmente. Isso ocorre no mundo inteiro, pelo que se pode prever sem medo de errar que a civilização ocidental perecerá, mais cedo ou mais tarde, soterrada por milhões de leis absurdas e inexeqüíveis e sufocada por um fardo intolerável de impostos.
- Highlight Loc. 22-26 | Added on Saturday, December 17, 2011, 09:28 PM
os parlamentares e os grupos de pressão que os circundam são profissionais dedicados integralmente a extrair benesses dos pagadores de impostos. Estes, ao contrário, isolados e mergulhados em suas próprias atividades de trabalho e lazer, não têm tempo, meios, nem conhecimento para se defender eficazmente. Isso ocorre no mundo inteiro, pelo que se pode prever sem medo de errar que a civilização ocidental perecerá, mais cedo ou mais tarde, soterrada por milhões de leis absurdas e inexeqüíveis e sufocada por um fardo intolerável de impostos.
Consumers Don’t “Create Jobs”: Reisman vs. Blodget (blog.mises.org)
Consumers Don’t “Create Jobs”: Reisman vs. Blodget (blog.mises.org)
- Highlight Loc. 20-23 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:31 AM
More consumer spending financed by inflation, i.e., the creation of new and additional money, has the potential for increasing employment in some circumstances, but only insofar as the sellers of the consumers’ goods that are faced with the additional spending save and invest their additional sales proceeds. If they too consumed, or if the government taxed away their additional sales proceeds, there would be no increase in the spending for labor or capital goods and no increase in employment.
- Highlight Loc. 20-23 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:31 AM
More consumer spending financed by inflation, i.e., the creation of new and additional money, has the potential for increasing employment in some circumstances, but only insofar as the sellers of the consumers’ goods that are faced with the additional spending save and invest their additional sales proceeds. If they too consumed, or if the government taxed away their additional sales proceeds, there would be no increase in the spending for labor or capital goods and no increase in employment.
Consumers are not responsible for the industrial development of any country
Consumers Don’t “Create Jobs”: Reisman vs. Blodget (blog.mises.org)
- Highlight Loc. 11-14 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:30 AM
Consumers are not responsible for the industrial development of any country. Consumers have myriad needs and desires, which go unmet except to the extent that businessmen and capitalists find ways of supplying them through the development of new and improved products and more efficient, lower-cost methods of production.
- Highlight Loc. 11-14 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:30 AM
Consumers are not responsible for the industrial development of any country. Consumers have myriad needs and desires, which go unmet except to the extent that businessmen and capitalists find ways of supplying them through the development of new and improved products and more efficient, lower-cost methods of production.
Aristotle and the city-state
Conservative Anarchists (lewrockwell.com)
- Highlight Loc. 47-49 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:14 AM
The most conservative political authority of all, Aristotle, certainly thought that mankind's natural form of organization was the city-state, which is much more humane in scale than the anonymous mass-societies of the modern nation-state.
- Highlight Loc. 47-49 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:14 AM
The most conservative political authority of all, Aristotle, certainly thought that mankind's natural form of organization was the city-state, which is much more humane in scale than the anonymous mass-societies of the modern nation-state.
"o problema são as pessoas"
Conservative Anarchists (lewrockwell.com)
- Highlight Loc. 44-47 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:13 AM
Reforming the state is impossible and utopian: to reform the state would require reforming human nature. By contrast there are historical precedents for anarchy and near-anarchy (again various medieval and classical forms of human organization) and even today there are small, independent communities such as Monaco and Liechtenstein, Singapore and Hong Kong, that are happier and more prosperous than any nation state.
- Highlight Loc. 44-47 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:13 AM
Reforming the state is impossible and utopian: to reform the state would require reforming human nature. By contrast there are historical precedents for anarchy and near-anarchy (again various medieval and classical forms of human organization) and even today there are small, independent communities such as Monaco and Liechtenstein, Singapore and Hong Kong, that are happier and more prosperous than any nation state.
Without the state men would still be dangerous, but would not have at their disposal an institution in which power is so concentrated and unchecked.
Conservative Anarchists (lewrockwell.com)
- Highlight Loc. 43-44 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:13 AM
Without the state men would still be dangerous, but would not have at their disposal an institution in which power is so concentrated and unchecked.
- Highlight Loc. 43-44 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:13 AM
Without the state men would still be dangerous, but would not have at their disposal an institution in which power is so concentrated and unchecked.
anarchist Tolkien
Conservative Anarchists (lewrockwell.com)
- Highlight Loc. 30-34 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:12 AM
JRR Tolkien, the British novelist and traditionalist Catholic, wrote in 1943: "My political beliefs lean more and more to Anarchy (philosophically understood, meaning abolition of control not whiskered men with bombs) — or to 'unconstitutional' Monarchy." Those who knew him described Auberon Waugh, another Englishman and champion of high culture, as "very, very hard on the police force, something not a lot of Conservatives would have approved of. He was an anarchist really. He detested all forms of political activity and he was suspicious of all politicians of either party."
- Highlight Loc. 30-34 | Added on Thursday, December 15, 2011, 04:12 AM
JRR Tolkien, the British novelist and traditionalist Catholic, wrote in 1943: "My political beliefs lean more and more to Anarchy (philosophically understood, meaning abolition of control not whiskered men with bombs) — or to 'unconstitutional' Monarchy." Those who knew him described Auberon Waugh, another Englishman and champion of high culture, as "very, very hard on the police force, something not a lot of Conservatives would have approved of. He was an anarchist really. He detested all forms of political activity and he was suspicious of all politicians of either party."
Foi uma declaração franca e cordial, e apreciei-a muito.
Um Discurso Fatal, Rex Stout
- Highlight Loc. 509-11 | Added on Wednesday, December 14, 2011, 06:02 PM
Quando lhe disse que era impossível conseguir um táxi naquele local e ofereci-me para levá-la, juntamente com sua tia, para o hotel, respondeu:
— O Sr. Dexter vai nos levar.
Foi uma declaração franca e cordial, e apreciei-a muito.
- Highlight Loc. 509-11 | Added on Wednesday, December 14, 2011, 06:02 PM
Quando lhe disse que era impossível conseguir um táxi naquele local e ofereci-me para levá-la, juntamente com sua tia, para o hotel, respondeu:
— O Sr. Dexter vai nos levar.
Foi uma declaração franca e cordial, e apreciei-a muito.
Um Discurso Fatal, Rex Stout
Um Discurso Fatal, Rex Stout
- Highlight Loc. 207-11 | Added on Tuesday, December 13, 2011, 01:17 AM
— Ouça, Relações Públicas — falei. — Por que não simplifica tudo ligando-me diretamente com esse Erskine? Se ele vier às quatro e meia, terá de esperar uma hora e meia. O horário do Sr. Wolfe com as orquídeas é de nove às onze da manhã e de quatro às seis da tarde, e nada, e quando eu digo nada é nada mesmo, jamais mudou isso nem mudará.
— Isso é ridículo!
— Claro que é. E também é ridículo esse método complicado de um homem se comunicar com outro homem, e no entanto eu o aceito.
— Fique na linha.
- Highlight Loc. 207-11 | Added on Tuesday, December 13, 2011, 01:17 AM
— Ouça, Relações Públicas — falei. — Por que não simplifica tudo ligando-me diretamente com esse Erskine? Se ele vier às quatro e meia, terá de esperar uma hora e meia. O horário do Sr. Wolfe com as orquídeas é de nove às onze da manhã e de quatro às seis da tarde, e nada, e quando eu digo nada é nada mesmo, jamais mudou isso nem mudará.
— Isso é ridículo!
— Claro que é. E também é ridículo esse método complicado de um homem se comunicar com outro homem, e no entanto eu o aceito.
— Fique na linha.
The Caspar Consensus
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 368-72 | Added on Tuesday, December 13, 2011, 01:13 AM
One of the more interesting phenomena is the practice, in some communities and other groups, of reaching common objectives through consensus (i.e., where everyone must agree with a proposal before it is undertaken). Caspar, California, an unincorporated town of some two thousand people occupying twelve square miles of territory, is one such community in which decisions are made through a process of “deliberating until we can find a way that satisfies all.”
- Highlight Loc. 368-72 | Added on Tuesday, December 13, 2011, 01:13 AM
One of the more interesting phenomena is the practice, in some communities and other groups, of reaching common objectives through consensus (i.e., where everyone must agree with a proposal before it is undertaken). Caspar, California, an unincorporated town of some two thousand people occupying twelve square miles of territory, is one such community in which decisions are made through a process of “deliberating until we can find a way that satisfies all.”
The Caspar Consensus
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 4830-33 | Added on Tuesday, December 13, 2011, 01:13 AM
12The Caspar residents have found this process to be not “as difficult as we thought, and that heeding and incorporating the views of the minority often saves us from grievous errors while leading us away from ‘slam dunks’ and quick fixes to well thought-out, longer lasting, better solutions.”
http://casparinstitute.org/lib/artConsensus.htm.
- Highlight Loc. 4830-33 | Added on Tuesday, December 13, 2011, 01:13 AM
12The Caspar residents have found this process to be not “as difficult as we thought, and that heeding and incorporating the views of the minority often saves us from grievous errors while leading us away from ‘slam dunks’ and quick fixes to well thought-out, longer lasting, better solutions.”
http://casparinstitute.org/lib/artConsensus.htm.
abolishing traffic signs
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 311-14 | Added on Tuesday, December 13, 2011, 01:04 AM
A number of cities and regions in Europe have taken to abolishing traffic signs, leaving traffic decisions to be made by the interplay of motorists. One advocate of such change has said that “[t]he many rules strip us of the most important thing: the ability to be considerate. We’re losing our capacity for socially responsible behavior.” This new policy has led to a dramatic reduction in traffic accidents.
- Highlight Loc. 311-14 | Added on Tuesday, December 13, 2011, 01:04 AM
A number of cities and regions in Europe have taken to abolishing traffic signs, leaving traffic decisions to be made by the interplay of motorists. One advocate of such change has said that “[t]he many rules strip us of the most important thing: the ability to be considerate. We’re losing our capacity for socially responsible behavior.” This new policy has led to a dramatic reduction in traffic accidents.
“Societies” are beginning to be thought of less and less in purely geographical terms
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 275-81 | Added on Monday, December 12, 2011, 11:55 AM
while nationalism continues to be a major political force in the world, many people are increasingly identifying themselves with and organizing their lives around various abstractions that transcend nation-state boundaries. Religion, ethnicity, culture, lifestyles, race—even membership in urban gangs—are some of the categories by which people identify themselves other than by nationality. The Internet is helping to dissolve political boundaries in favor of economic, philosophical, entertainment, political, lifestyle, and other criteria by which individuals create cyber-communities with like-minded persons throughout the world. “Societies” are beginning to be thought of less and less in purely geographical terms, and are increasingly being defined in terms of shared subdivisions of interests that do not necessarily correlate with place.
- Highlight Loc. 275-81 | Added on Monday, December 12, 2011, 11:55 AM
while nationalism continues to be a major political force in the world, many people are increasingly identifying themselves with and organizing their lives around various abstractions that transcend nation-state boundaries. Religion, ethnicity, culture, lifestyles, race—even membership in urban gangs—are some of the categories by which people identify themselves other than by nationality. The Internet is helping to dissolve political boundaries in favor of economic, philosophical, entertainment, political, lifestyle, and other criteria by which individuals create cyber-communities with like-minded persons throughout the world. “Societies” are beginning to be thought of less and less in purely geographical terms, and are increasingly being defined in terms of shared subdivisions of interests that do not necessarily correlate with place.
institutions: systems that have become their own reason for being
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 245-47 | Added on Monday, December 12, 2011, 02:39 AM
Life is a continuing process of making adjustments and creative responses in a world too complex to be predictable. Because institutions are systems that have become their own reason for being, their interests often consist in efforts to stabilize the environment in which they operate.
- Highlight Loc. 245-47 | Added on Monday, December 12, 2011, 02:39 AM
Life is a continuing process of making adjustments and creative responses in a world too complex to be predictable. Because institutions are systems that have become their own reason for being, their interests often consist in efforts to stabilize the environment in which they operate.
institutions: when the preservation of the organization becomes more important than the informal and spontaneous practices
Boundaries of Order (Butler Shaffer)
- Highlight Loc. 239-44 | Added on Monday, December 12, 2011, 02:38 AM
It is common to organize with one another for social, business, religious, recreational, or other purposes. From bowling leagues to book clubs to various hobby groups, we form associations with one another that function as tools through which we accomplish shared interests. Such organizations are extensions of our individual purposes, subject to our control. A business partnership, for instance, is a vehicle allowing us to engage in a productive division of labor for profitable ends. But as the organization becomes increasingly successful, there is a tendency to preserve its effectiveness through the creation of hierarchical structures and formal rules of conduct. When the preservation of the organization becomes more important than the informal and spontaneous practices that created it, an institution has been born.
- Highlight Loc. 239-44 | Added on Monday, December 12, 2011, 02:38 AM
It is common to organize with one another for social, business, religious, recreational, or other purposes. From bowling leagues to book clubs to various hobby groups, we form associations with one another that function as tools through which we accomplish shared interests. Such organizations are extensions of our individual purposes, subject to our control. A business partnership, for instance, is a vehicle allowing us to engage in a productive division of labor for profitable ends. But as the organization becomes increasingly successful, there is a tendency to preserve its effectiveness through the creation of hierarchical structures and formal rules of conduct. When the preservation of the organization becomes more important than the informal and spontaneous practices that created it, an institution has been born.
o motivo pelo qual a maioria das pessoas acredita que o estado é necessário
IMB - Liberalismo Clássico versus Anarcocapitalismo (mises.org.br)
- Highlight Loc. 43-48 | Added on Sunday, December 11, 2011, 07:16 PM
Ademais, o motivo pelo qual a maioria das pessoas acredita que o estado é necessário é porque elas confundem sua existência (desnecessária) com a natureza essencial de muitos dos recursos e serviços que ele atualmente (e ineficientemente) fornece, e com o monopólio que ele exerce sobre estes (quase sempre sob a desculpa de sua natureza pública). As pessoas hoje veem as estradas, os hospitais, os correios, a segurança, o judiciário e a ordem pública sendo geridos pelo estado e, como estes são serviços altamente necessários, elas concluem sem qualquer análise mais profunda que o estado também o é.
- Highlight Loc. 43-48 | Added on Sunday, December 11, 2011, 07:16 PM
Ademais, o motivo pelo qual a maioria das pessoas acredita que o estado é necessário é porque elas confundem sua existência (desnecessária) com a natureza essencial de muitos dos recursos e serviços que ele atualmente (e ineficientemente) fornece, e com o monopólio que ele exerce sobre estes (quase sempre sob a desculpa de sua natureza pública). As pessoas hoje veem as estradas, os hospitais, os correios, a segurança, o judiciário e a ordem pública sendo geridos pelo estado e, como estes são serviços altamente necessários, elas concluem sem qualquer análise mais profunda que o estado também o é.
all firms are profit maximizing, but the level of real profits earned is zero
The Failure of Market Failure (thefreemanonline.org)
- Highlight Loc. 18-20 | Added on Friday, December 09, 2011, 05:50 AM
In general equilibrium, prices of all goods are exactly equal to the marginal cost of producing them and all households maximize their utility. In addition, all firms are profit maximizing, but the level of real profits earned is zero,
- Highlight Loc. 18-20 | Added on Friday, December 09, 2011, 05:50 AM
In general equilibrium, prices of all goods are exactly equal to the marginal cost of producing them and all households maximize their utility. In addition, all firms are profit maximizing, but the level of real profits earned is zero,
Não era questão de quanto cabia, mas sim do que precisava pôr lá dentro.
Cozinheiros Demais, Rex Stout
- Highlight Loc. 2840-42 | Added on Thursday, December 08, 2011, 11:35 AM
Foi o melhor peru que comi na vida, mas as outras porções abundantes limitaram minha capacidade de consumo. Os sujeitos comiam como se fossem uma mulher enchendo uma mala. Não era questão de quanto cabia, mas sim do que precisava pôr lá dentro.
- Highlight Loc. 2840-42 | Added on Thursday, December 08, 2011, 11:35 AM
Foi o melhor peru que comi na vida, mas as outras porções abundantes limitaram minha capacidade de consumo. Os sujeitos comiam como se fossem uma mulher enchendo uma mala. Não era questão de quanto cabia, mas sim do que precisava pôr lá dentro.
The Golden Age of Government Is Just Beginning
The Golden Age of Government Is Just Beginning (lewrockwell.com)
- Highlight Loc. 39-46 | Added on Wednesday, December 07, 2011, 04:26 PM
As a result of the disgusting Treaty of Versailles following WWI, the German government was made insolvent in exactly the same way that today’s Western governments are insolvent. The gigantic war "debt" foisted on the German government’s books was literally impossible to pay off, just as most Western governments today have debts and future liabilities on their books that cannot possibly be honored. What was the result of this de facto bankruptcy of the German government in the 1920’s? Did it automatically usher in a golden age of individual liberty and limited government in Germany in the 1930’s? Did the German government stop taxing its subjects or printing money? Did the German government learn its lesson about wasting its people’s money on pointless and extravagantly wasteful wars?
- Highlight Loc. 39-46 | Added on Wednesday, December 07, 2011, 04:26 PM
As a result of the disgusting Treaty of Versailles following WWI, the German government was made insolvent in exactly the same way that today’s Western governments are insolvent. The gigantic war "debt" foisted on the German government’s books was literally impossible to pay off, just as most Western governments today have debts and future liabilities on their books that cannot possibly be honored. What was the result of this de facto bankruptcy of the German government in the 1920’s? Did it automatically usher in a golden age of individual liberty and limited government in Germany in the 1930’s? Did the German government stop taxing its subjects or printing money? Did the German government learn its lesson about wasting its people’s money on pointless and extravagantly wasteful wars?
The Napoleon of Notting Hill
The Napoleon of Notting Hill (G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton and W. Graham (Walford Graham) Robertson)
- Highlight on Page 138 | Loc. 2214-17 | Added on Wednesday, December 07, 2011, 10:53 AM
When I was young I remember, in the old dreary days, wiseacres used to write books about how trains would get faster, and all the world be one empire, and tram-cars go to the moon. And even as a child I used to say to myself, 'Far more likely that we shall go on the crusades again, or worship the gods of the city.' And so it has been. And I am glad, though this is my last battle.
- Highlight on Page 138 | Loc. 2214-17 | Added on Wednesday, December 07, 2011, 10:53 AM
When I was young I remember, in the old dreary days, wiseacres used to write books about how trains would get faster, and all the world be one empire, and tram-cars go to the moon. And even as a child I used to say to myself, 'Far more likely that we shall go on the crusades again, or worship the gods of the city.' And so it has been. And I am glad, though this is my last battle.
getting paid back the whole coupon in worthless dollars is just another form of default
The Great Western Crackup (lewrockwell.com)
- Highlight Loc. 62-65 | Added on Wednesday, December 07, 2011, 10:47 AM
Perhaps the analysts at Fitch realize that if the Fed were to stop buying Treasuries, say because consumer prices started rising too quickly to ignore, then rising interest rates would add additional trillions to the debt problem, making default inevitable. Or maybe they're starting to realize that getting paid back the whole coupon in worthless dollars is just another form of default.
- Highlight Loc. 62-65 | Added on Wednesday, December 07, 2011, 10:47 AM
Perhaps the analysts at Fitch realize that if the Fed were to stop buying Treasuries, say because consumer prices started rising too quickly to ignore, then rising interest rates would add additional trillions to the debt problem, making default inevitable. Or maybe they're starting to realize that getting paid back the whole coupon in worthless dollars is just another form of default.
O ato de reflexão pelo qual retornamos a um pensamento para examiná-lo ou julgá-lo é um outro pensamento
Inteligência e verdade (olavodecarvalho.org)
- Highlight Loc. 97-100 | Added on Tuesday, December 06, 2011, 03:37 PM
O pensamento, para nós, pode ser objeto. A inteligência, não. O ato de reflexão pelo qual retornamos a um pensamento para examiná-lo ou julgá-lo é um outro pensamento, de conteúdo diferente do primeiro. Mas a recordação de um ato de inteligência é o mesmíssimo ato de inteligência, reforçado e revivificado, numa nova afirmação de si mesmo. Não posso recordar o conteúdo de um ato de intelecção sem inteligir novamente os mesmos conteúdos, quase sempre com redobrada força de evidência.
- Highlight Loc. 97-100 | Added on Tuesday, December 06, 2011, 03:37 PM
O pensamento, para nós, pode ser objeto. A inteligência, não. O ato de reflexão pelo qual retornamos a um pensamento para examiná-lo ou julgá-lo é um outro pensamento, de conteúdo diferente do primeiro. Mas a recordação de um ato de inteligência é o mesmíssimo ato de inteligência, reforçado e revivificado, numa nova afirmação de si mesmo. Não posso recordar o conteúdo de um ato de intelecção sem inteligir novamente os mesmos conteúdos, quase sempre com redobrada força de evidência.
happy families
The Black Swan (Nassim Nicholas Taleb)
- Highlight Loc. 3959 | Added on Tuesday, December 06, 2011, 06:38 PM
Tolstoy said that happy families were all alike, while each unhappy one is unhappy in its own way.
- Highlight Loc. 3959 | Added on Tuesday, December 06, 2011, 06:38 PM
Tolstoy said that happy families were all alike, while each unhappy one is unhappy in its own way.
Inteligência e verdade (olavodecarvalho.org)
Inteligência e verdade (olavodecarvalho.org)
- Highlight Loc. 83-91 | Added on Tuesday, December 06, 2011, 03:35 PM
A inteligência não consiste somente em atinar com um resultado verdadeiro, mas em admitir esse resultado como verdadeiro. Que significa "admitir"? Significa, primeiro, estar livre para preferir um resultado falso ( um computador pode ser programado para preferir os resultados falsos num certo número de ocasiões, mas sempre segundo um padrão pré-estabelecido ). Significa, em segundo lugar, crer nesse resultado, isto é, assumir uma responsabilidade pessoal pela afirmação dele e pelas consequências que dele derivem. A inteligência, neste sentido, só é admissível em seres livres e responsáveis, e o primeiro ser livre e responsável que conhecemos na escala dos viventes é o homem: nenhum ser abaixo dele possui inteligência, e se há seres superiores ao homem é um problema que não nos interessa no momento e cuja solução não interferiria no que estamos examinando aqui. A inteligência é a relação que se estabelece entre o homem e a verdade, uma relação que só o homem tem com a verdade, e que só tem no momento em que intelige e admite a verdade, já que ele pode tornar-se ininteligente no instante seguinte, quando a esquece ou renega.
- Highlight Loc. 83-91 | Added on Tuesday, December 06, 2011, 03:35 PM
A inteligência não consiste somente em atinar com um resultado verdadeiro, mas em admitir esse resultado como verdadeiro. Que significa "admitir"? Significa, primeiro, estar livre para preferir um resultado falso ( um computador pode ser programado para preferir os resultados falsos num certo número de ocasiões, mas sempre segundo um padrão pré-estabelecido ). Significa, em segundo lugar, crer nesse resultado, isto é, assumir uma responsabilidade pessoal pela afirmação dele e pelas consequências que dele derivem. A inteligência, neste sentido, só é admissível em seres livres e responsáveis, e o primeiro ser livre e responsável que conhecemos na escala dos viventes é o homem: nenhum ser abaixo dele possui inteligência, e se há seres superiores ao homem é um problema que não nos interessa no momento e cuja solução não interferiria no que estamos examinando aqui. A inteligência é a relação que se estabelece entre o homem e a verdade, uma relação que só o homem tem com a verdade, e que só tem no momento em que intelige e admite a verdade, já que ele pode tornar-se ininteligente no instante seguinte, quando a esquece ou renega.
Até mesmo o sentimento intelige
Inteligência e verdade (olavodecarvalho.org)
- Highlight Loc. 75-78 | Added on Tuesday, December 06, 2011, 03:32 PM
Até mesmo o sentimento intelige, quando ama o que é verdadeiramente amável e odeia o que é verdadeiramente odioso: há uma inteligência do sentimento, como há uma burrice do sentimento. A inteligência não reside na mente, mas num certo tipo de relação entre o ato mental e o seu objeto, relação que denominamos "veracidade" do conteúdo desse ato mental ( notem bem: veracidade do conteúdo, e não do ato mesmo ).
- Highlight Loc. 75-78 | Added on Tuesday, December 06, 2011, 03:32 PM
Até mesmo o sentimento intelige, quando ama o que é verdadeiramente amável e odeia o que é verdadeiramente odioso: há uma inteligência do sentimento, como há uma burrice do sentimento. A inteligência não reside na mente, mas num certo tipo de relação entre o ato mental e o seu objeto, relação que denominamos "veracidade" do conteúdo desse ato mental ( notem bem: veracidade do conteúdo, e não do ato mesmo ).
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